With a scheduled visit to a gynecologist, a woman usuallygives two compulsory analyzes. One of them is a smear for cytology, and the other for a flora. After they are taken, dyeing of the cervix with a solution of iodine, if it occurs unevenly, it is possible to suspect pathology. Next, a two-hand examination and a breast examination.
If a woman has no complaints and a gynecologist atInspection has not noticed anything suspicious, usually the patient comes in a year. If the doctor has doubts, then he will appoint additional studies. It can be a colposcopy, ultrasound, crops, DNA diagnostics.
Regular visits to the gynecologist allow you to identifydisease at an early stage, when the woman still does not bother. One of the most important studies is an analysis of cytology that helps detect pathological changes in cervical cells.
The cancer of this body accounts for 85% of cancer in the genital area in women. In countries where a smear for cytology is required, mortality from it is 10 times lower.
Today, cervical cancer is successfully treated if detected in the initial stage. Therefore, all women after 18 years of age should do a smear for cytology annually.
He takes the gynecological chair afterintroduction of the vagina mirror. The doctor scrubbing does a scraping from the cervical canal wall. The resulting material is applied to the glass, which is sent to the laboratory. There it is studied under a microscope.
In order for the result of the analysis to be reliable,it is necessary to prepare for it. Two days before the surrender, sex, douching, vaginal pills and candles should be excluded. It is advisable to conduct the test a couple of days after the end of menstruation. Two hours before you can not urinate.
However, the result depends not only on the preparation,but also on the correctness of taking a smear and on the skills of a person who looks through a microscope. Therefore, if you get a bad result, you should definitely retake it in another laboratory, and then draw conclusions. In addition, in this case, the doctor must necessarily appoint additional studies.
If the woman has passed a smear on a cytology, the norm is type I. This result indicates that all cells have a normal structure. The other four types of cytograms are pathologies of varying degrees.
The second type of smear indicates that there are minor changes in the cells due to inflammation. It is necessary, with the help of crops and DNA diagnostics, to identify the pathogen and be treated.
III type of cytogram is characterized by the presence of a small number of cells with enlarged nuclei. In this case, a diagnosis of dysplasia is made, which can be mild, moderate and severe.
With the IV type of smear, the cells have not only changed nuclei, but also chromosomes and cytoplasm. This result is considered as a suspicion of cancer.
When V type of cytogram is diagnosed with cancer. There is a large number of atypical cells in the smear.
If a pathology is found during the study, thennecessarily conducted colposcopy - the study of the cervix with its staining with various solutions. A targeted biopsy is performed from a suspicious area with a subsequent histology. In this case, a microscope is studied not by a smear, but by a piece of tissue.
A DNA diagnosis of HPV and herpes simplex viruses, as well as other STDs, is mandatory. The fact is that in the presence of inflammation, the result may be incorrect.
It is extremely dangerous to combine these two viruses. Women from whom they are found are at risk. They must take the test more often.
Thus, a smear for cytology is a simple andinformative analysis. He plays a huge role in the diagnosis of cancer today. This disease in the beginning is completely curable. Therefore, a regular visit to a gynecologist and delivery of smears is an opportunity to preserve health and life.
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