Words, phrases, sentences and sentences are allthis and much more is embedded in the concept of "language". How much is hidden in it, and how little we really know about the language! Every day and even every minute we spend with him - do we say our thoughts aloud or we conduct an internal dialogue, read or listen to the radio ... Language, our speech is a real art, and it must be beautiful. And his beauty must be genuine. What helps in finding the true beauty of language and speech?
First of all, it is necessary to understand what isthe direct and figurative meaning of the word, and what are the main species they are divided into. Each word can have a single or a whole series of meanings. Words with one meaning are called single-valued words. In the Russian language, they are much less than words with many different meanings. Examples are words such as computer, ash, satin, sleeve. A word that can be used in several meanings, including a figurative one, is a multi-valued word, examples: a house can be used in the meaning of a building, a place for people to live, the way of the family, etc .; the sky is the airspace above the earth, as well as the location of the visible lights, or the divine power, the holding.
In the case of polysemy, a direct and portablemeaning of the word. The first meaning of the word, its basis - this is the direct meaning of the word. By the way, the word "direct" in this context has a portable character, that is, the main meaning of the word is "something smooth,
From the above example already becomesit is clear that a figurative meaning is a secondary meaning of the word that arose when the literal meaning of a word was transferred to another object. Depending on what feature of the subject served as an occasion for the transfer of meaning, there are different types of portable meaning, such as metonymy, metaphor, synecdoche.
The direct and figurative meaning of a word can resonate with each other on the basis of similarity - this is the metaphor. For example:
ice water - ice hands (on the basis of);
poisonous fungus - poisonous in nature (on the basis of);
a star in the sky - a star in the hand (at the location);
chocolate candy - chocolate tan (based on color).
gold jewelry - she has gold in her ears;
porcelain ware - on the shelves stood porcelain;
a headache - my head went through.
And, finally, a synecdoc is a kind of metonymy, when one word is replaced by another based on a constant, actually existing part-to-whole ratio and vice versa. For example:
He is a real head (meaning very smart, the head is the part of the body in which the brain is located).
The whole village was on its side - every inhabitant, that is, "the village" as a whole, which replaces its part.
What can we say in conclusion? Only one thing: if you know the direct and figurative meaning of a word, you can not just correctly use certain words, but enrich your speech, and learn how to beautifully convey your thoughts and feelings, and maybe one day you'll come up with your metaphor or metonymy ... Who knows?
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