It is absolutely certain that everyone understands theweather, politics and agriculture, in spite of the fact that sometimes they are far from the listed topics by their main activity. To replenish our own theoretical baggage, we will try to understand what climate, weather, sharply continental climate is.
The concepts of weather and climate are not the same. Climate scientists define how the weather for a long period of time. On the recommendation of the World Meteorological Organization, this period is 30 years. The climate is influenced by numerous factors, such as land and sea areas, terrain relief, the position of the Earth in relation to the Sun, sea and air currents.
The above are only well-known information,influencing the climate. Experts use many more, not taken into account at the philistine level. These include pressure, the state of the atmosphere, the salinity of sea water and a number of other data. In principle, said enough already to understand the futility of reasoning about the weather, but here learn about it something cognitive is simply interesting.
The climate in the Earth's territory is extremelyit is a well-known truth. To somehow characterize it, a concept was introduced such as a climatic belt that takes into account the peculiarities of atmospheric circulation of air masses. There are four main belts for each hemisphere - tropical, equatorial, polar, temperate.
The climate of the temperate belt is the mostspread on the territory of Russia and dominates its larger area. It is divided into four independent climatic zones - with a predominance of temperate continental, continental, sharply continental and monsoon climate. Each zone covers its territory, and the weather on it corresponds to the peculiarities of the climatic zone.
Thus, sharply the continental climate in the territoryRussia is characterized by a slight cloudiness and a low amount of precipitation. In the zone of its influence are Eastern and Central Siberia. There are few clouds here, precipitation mostly falls in the summer (usually in July). Due to the transparent atmosphere, the surface of the earth is heated rapidly in the summer and rapidly cooled in the winter.
The same significant temperature fluctuationsoccur during the daily cycle: during the day - warm, at night - cold. As a consequence of significant differences in air temperature, it is usually a frosty winter and hot summer. A small amount of snow and frost contribute to the freezing of the soil, resulting in many years of permafrost in the northern areas of the territories. Within the boundaries of this climatic zone is located the only natural zone - the taiga.
It should be noted that the sharply continental climateis found exclusively in the Northern Hemisphere. The reason for this is the fact that in the southern hemisphere in temperate latitudes there is practically no land and, therefore, there are no conditions for the formation of continental air masses.
The climate is not something frozen and unchanged. It is changing - of course, not in one moment, but gradually. Under climate change, scientists understand the steady trend of the growth or fall of any of its characteristics, monitored by meteorologists over a long period of time. So, according to experts, since the beginning of the twentieth century, the mean annual mean global temperature of surface air increased by 0.74 ° C. And this gives scientists a reason to talk about global warming.
Study of climate and tracking of its fluctuationsoccurs constantly. It is necessary to take into account its characteristics, first of all, in man's productive activity and in agriculture. So, for territories where the continental climate is prevailing, it was necessary to build houses on stilts in order to avoid warming up of permafrost - otherwise the structure will "float". And the impact of climate on human health can not be underestimated.
In the above material, it is considered what climate is, what climatic zones are located on the territory of Russia, features characteristic of sharply continental climate.
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