If you are even a little familiar with the languagehypertext markup (HTML), you probably know that the main content of such documents are tags and attributes. Such elements are framed by special symbols. For example: the browser will understand that the letter "p" is a paragraph tag, only after it appears in such brackets: <>. Otherwise, the program displays not a new element, but an ordinary symbol. In addition to replacing the parentheses for tags, special HTML characters are used for other purposes, which we will discuss below.
Marking symbols. When developing web documents, sometimes you have to use HTML-symbols that replace the markers.
symbol | substitution | designation |
& | & | The sign "ampersand". In HTML, this sign indicates the beginning of the action of special characters. And this means, if you use it in a standard form, the browser will incorrectly accept this sign. To avoid such situations, use a replacement. |
< | << | The sign "less". This symbol indicates the beginning of the action of the tag. Although the browser in most cases recognizes this element as normal, it is sometimes necessary to use a replacement. For example, if you want to display any tag to the user. |
> | >> | The sign "more". This symbol indicates the end of the tag action. By its properties and actions, it is completely analogous to the sign "less". |
" | "" | Double quotation mark. Prescribes the beginning and end of the attribute values. In ordinary writing, you can use a simple form, with no substitutions. But if you need to provide users with an attribute or a similar element, then you need to use a replacement. |
" | & apos; ' | Single quotation mark. Prescribes the beginning and end of the attribute values. All properties and notations are completely analogous to the sign "double quote". |
So, if you want your readersFor example, to represent a <body> tag, then in order to avoid the wrong mapping, you'll have to use the following entry: & ltbody & gt or & # 60body & # 62. The same substitutions must be made if quotes are to be used. Once again it is worth noting that it is necessary to apply such signs only in the case when it is necessary, in the usual text this is not necessary. Special HTML characters can similarly be used with CSS elements.
Special Characters. Some special group of special characters officiallydoes not exist. In their list, users contribute some elements that can not be printed on a regular keyboard. In HTML, special characters can create a wide variety of characters or icons. For example, card notations or non-standard drawings. The following are the most common special HTML characters.
© | & copy; © | Sign of copyright protection. The Latin letter C, circled by the circle, stands for Copyright, which in translation means copyright. Such special HTML characters can be found in any appropriate place (at the end of the article, the site, any content). After such a sign, as a rule, the name of the author is indicated. |
® | & gt; ® | Trademark protection mark. The Latin letter R enclosed in a circle. Full transcript: Registered, translation: registered. Indicates official affiliation. In Russia, the analogue of such a sign is the verbal designation "registered trademark". |
™ | & gt; ™ | Trademark. Full designation Trademark. Many confuse this sign with the Registered sign. In this case, this element does not indicate the presence of registration of goods in official services. |
Conclusion. Special HTML characters are needed, and without themknowledge, we will not be able to fully experience all the possibilities of this language. If you want to get acquainted with all such elements, it is recommended to look into special reference materials.
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