The term "natural person" is widely usedcivil law and designates a person as a subject of law. Ie this is a concrete person with a number of signs on which it can be identified, and consisting in certain legal relations with the state.
It is obvious that an individual can be recognizedonly so-called. a reasonable person is the only living thing with a material culture (including the ability to make and use tools), abstract thinking and articulate speech.
In addition, man is a social being,people's relationships are regulated by the rules established by society. The main of these rules are regulated by the state. Therefore, civil legal relations are relations between the individual and the state.
An individual comes into being with the birth of a person. For its identification (identification), the following characteristics are used, in addition to external data: name (with middle name), family name, place of residence.
There are others that appeared latercharacteristics - taxpayer's tax ID, various numbers of his documents. All of them are required when concluding various transactions. The place of residence determines the jurisdiction of the person in the cases of the Civil Code and the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
Legal personality of individuals - necessarythe condition of entering into legal relations. This term combines two concepts - the legal capacity and the capacity of a person. Under the legal capacity is understood the ability to possess civil rights and duties, this category is inherent in any person regardless of age, i.e., arises with his birth and ends with death.
The capacity of individuals is the abilityindependently acquire and exercise these rights, create (and fulfill) civic duties. That is, a capable person is responsible for his own actions, can conclude deals, sign contracts, etc.
Part of the events in the life of a person (an individual)refers to acts of civil status and requires mandatory registration. This is the birth, the conclusion (divorce) of marriage, in addition, adoption and death.
Unlike legal capacity, legal capacityan individual can only have a certain age. Up to 6 years a person is completely incapacitated. From 6 to 14 years of age, it is considered to be of limited operational capacity. From the age of 14 to 18, he is partially capable, and only from the age of 18 is fully capable (excluding cases of marriage or entering into an employment relationship with a minor).
The notion of an "individual" is often substitutedthe notion of "citizen". But this is not exactly the same thing. From the point of view of the state, all individuals are divided into categories - a citizen (possessing the citizenship of a given country), a foreign citizen (having citizenship (citizenship) of another state) and a stateless person. Thus, the notion of a physical person is broader.
From the point of view of legal registrationactivity the status of an individual has an entrepreneur acting individually, unlike a legal entity. Both these terms refer to subjects of law, have their own property, participate in turnover and enter into civil relations on their own behalf and bear full responsibility for them. But, unlike physical, a legal entity is a collective subject of law and, by definition, can not consist of one person.
A physical person, or an individualentrepreneur, carries out its activities completely independently, at your own peril and risk. At the same time, he can attract hired workers, but he does not have the status of a legal entity.
According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, Russianphysical persons are considered to have permanent residence in the territory of the Russian Federation and Russian citizenship or registered as individual entrepreneurs in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation. Thus, this category may include a foreign citizen permanently living on the territory of our country.
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