The means of teaching in pedagogy is allmaterials that the teacher uses to implement the learning process. Along with the living word of the teacher, they represent an important component of the educational process, as well as an element of the educational and material base of the educational institution. Acting as an important component of the educational process, the learning tools have an impact on other components, such as methods, forms, content and goals.
Classification of teaching aids
The means of teaching in pedagogy are divided into ideal and material. Perfect means - these are the skills and knowledge obtained earlier, which the teacher and students use to obtain and master new knowledge. Material are physical objects thatare used by students and teachers for detailed training. If we talk about the subject of activity, then all the teaching aids can be conditionally divided into learning tools (more often used by students, less often by teachers) and teaching aids (used in most cases by the teacher). In turn, ideal and material assets are divided into:
· Printed books - pictures, graphics, textbooks, tables, etc.
· Bulk allowances - models, devices, collections, devices, etc.
· Projection material - video films, slides, motion pictures.
Modern typology classifies teaching aids in pedagogy as follows:
· Printed - books for reading, textbooks, teaching aids, textbooks, workbooks, handouts, atlases, etc.
· Visual planar maps - wall maps, magnetic boards, posters, wall illustrations.
· Demonstration - models, stands, herbaria, models in a cut, models, etc.
· Electronic educational resources - multimedia textbooks and universal encyclopedias, network educational resources, etc.
· Audiovisual - slides, educational videos, educational films, including digital media, etc.
· Training equipment - flasks, barometer, compass, etc.
· Sports equipment - exercise equipment, gymnastic equipment, balls, sports equipment, etc.
· Training equipment - tractor, cars, etc.
To date, the greatest impact onstudents are provided with modern teaching aids in pedagogy: audiovisual and multimedia. They are considered the most effective means of education and upbringing.
Material means of training, which are soare necessary for the assimilation of educational information, constitute a system that is a derivative of the general system of the academic subject. Such a system of training facilities is built on the following principles:
· Equipment must be fullymeet the requirements of the pedagogical requirements: it is clear and understandable to reproduce the essential in the phenomenon, to have an aesthetic appearance, to be easily observable and perceptible, etc.
· The means of training should fully provide for their material needs the material needs of the educational process.
· Training tools should be appropriate to students' needs and actual working conditions.
It should be noted that each academic subjectneeds its own special means of training. So the means of teaching the Russian language are represented by means such as educational didactic material (concepts, terms, rules, texts), methods and methods of teaching (cognitive, training, control and testing), and the organization of the educational process. Material means of the Russian language are represented by educational complexes (manuals, collections, textbooks), a set of technical training aids (multimedia, personal computer), cabinets (Russian language cabinet, multimedia class, video classroom). The means of teaching a foreign language will be almost the same, with the exception of some special means. For example, if we talk about the offices, then the language lab will be more suitable for foreign languages.
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