In our time, scientists do not forget at least oncemonth to mention that oil is running out, gas is running out, the energy of the atom is dangerous, and in general, in two hundred years, humanity will switch to stone axes, as the world economy and production stand up without fuel. In contrast, the mass media have many articles on the development of technologies for the use of energy of air, water, animal and human waste, and other various options. Some of them are like fiction, others have real technical achievements and are already in full use, such as the energy of the sun.
We are used to the fact that our beloved luminary gives us warmthand light, helps to grow crops, heats water in lakes, rivers and seas. But, in addition, the energy of the sun's rays can be used differently. Already a few decades ago, calculators with a solar battery appeared on the market. Now this is not surprising. There are ready-made projects: they have already built the first houses, which are heated by solar energy and are operated in Russia in winter. The project provides for backup heating, since in our regions the sun can be covered by clouds for a long time.
Every man in the street can buy solar panels,that's just the price is very biting. In addition, it is cheaper to receive energy and heat in the usual way. However, in the absence of conventional sources of energy, for example, in remote expeditions or in space, solar batteries are the main ones. In Europe, private sector residents have them on the roofs of their homes and sell surplus electricity to their own state. But Germany is not the most sunny country. Plus the solar energy is that it is renewable. Although scientists say that the Sun will not always shine, but, compared to human life, our light has been forever.
In our time, built such an aircraft. Let it not very fast and maneuverable, but its fuel costs nothing, no harmful emissions. Solar panels are located on the entire surface of the wings and the body itself. On the test flight, the plane crossed 1541 km from Phoenix to Dallas. The maximum height was 8200 meters, and the average speed was 84 km / h.
A solar-powered aircraft was piloted by one of theits creators - Andre Borscher. This flight - one of his regular records, he previously traveled at 26 hours on the same aircraft called the Solar Impulse. Now the tester actively plans to cross the whole of America, and then make a round-the-world flight.
The whole team that created the ship and preparedits to exploitation, tries to do everything possible, so that its work is as much as possible covered in the mass media. After all, the main task of such events is to show the whole world that the energy of the sun's rays has great prospects and can be used by man as much as possible.
Solar Impulse is a glider withthe wingspan is 63.4 meters, its weight is 1.5 tons, it has four electric engines with a total capacity of 7 kilowatts. It is envisaged that the lighting of solar panels can be uneven. More than four hundred pounds are in lithium batteries, which are charged in the parking lot. Any previous aircraft on solar panels flew only due to recharging from the sun, the batteries, if any, were small.
Now Solar Impulse 2 is created, it is much largerits predecessor, has more solar cells - as many as 17 thousand. The wingspan is more than 70 meters. It was made from a hydrocarbon fiber to reduce weight. Nevertheless, it weighs 2.3 tons. Thanks to the powerful batteries, it can fly for several days and nights at speeds of 50 to 100 km / h.
There are a lot of examplesuse of solar energy. The simplest was shown in the Soviet film "3 + 2", where the doctor of physical sciences laid out a mirror in the umbrella and heated up the food in the bowler with reflected light. Now the science is developing the technology of using thermal insulation, which has a surface that receives solar energy.
By the same technology are already produced and workinginstallations for drying of agricultural crops and heating of houses. In order not to make them too large in area, grooves are made in the surface of the heaters, which increase the area of the material that receives solar energy.
In regions of our planet where severe winters,most of the energy is spent on heating. To save energy, passive solar systems develop that have a large area facing the sun, collect energy and warm up the house. The idea is good, but difficult to perform. The house must have excellent insulation, it is necessary to regulate ventilation, when using only solar energy, the optimal temperature in the house is reached only by the middle of the day, and in the summer it is too hot.
The airplane on the solar energy is beautifulan example of undisclosed opportunities. It has a prototype of a passive system. But there are also active ones. They heat water or air. Only then they, as heat carriers, enter the house. They are easier to control, you can install on already built houses, but their effectiveness is insufficient for severe winters in Russia. However, in hybrid systems, when combined with conventional energy sources, active solar systems can save up to 60 percent of energy carriers.
A solar-powered aircraft is notthe only modern transport on this type of energy. There is sunshine, and not even one. Every year in Switzerland a competition is held between such machines, it is called the Tour de Sol. The race lasts six days. Every day participants need to overcome from 80 to 150 km along the roads of Switzerland and Austria.
Several years ago, such a sun-cell madetravel through Russia. It turned out that his wheels could not pass through our country roads, and the traffic was on the highways. Russia is great, and not always enough sun. But, despite all the difficulties, the sunshine completed its route. The maximum speed of such transport is 170 km / h. The use of solar energy in the form of sunshine received another positive confirmation. In Europe, some models have already entered the series.
Solar panels, in fact, arephotovoltaic cells that convert solar energy. In the movie "Martian" they are clearly shown when the protagonist after the disaster clears them of dust. In Russia, they are not popular and are not produced. The usual minimum private order is formed in the amount of 9 thousand rubles. The solar cells themselves, the price of which varies depending on the size of the goods, cost from one and a half thousand rubles to 15 thousand rubles.
In our country, the sun shines regularly, but notvery much. Examples of the use of solar energy, set forth above, can be applied and in the vastness of our country. Unfortunately, battery operation will pay off only in the long run. But if we take into account not only the amount of money, but also the saving of natural resources, we can confidently say that this technology should be developed and actively used.
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